The Arts and Crafts Movement was a widely-influential, late-nineteenth-century English movement that attempted to re-establish the ideals and skills of craftsmanship threatened by mass-production and industrialization. John Ruskin and William Morris were early practitioners and sought to revive medieval standards and methods of making goods while holding true to material, construction and function. By the time the movement had migrated to North America around 1900, this ideal came to include fine arts, ceramics, textiles, glass, interior design, metalwork, graphic arts and even gardening, philosophy and food. The chief legacy of the movement was probably its architecture, and a call for a revival of vernacular architecture was enthusiastically answered all over the United States. On the West Coast, architects and designers looked to the Spanish missions for inspiration; in the Midwest it was the open prairies and on the East Coast, architects adapted such styles as Gothic, Tudor, and Queen Anne Revival. Other leading practitioners of the Arts and Crafts Movement include Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Gustav Stickley, Louis Comfort Tiffany, Frank Lloyd Wright, Greene and Greene, Julia Morgan, Bernard Maybeck, Gertrude Jekyll, Elbert Roycroft, and Taylor Woolley.